Range is a function of radio line-of-sight and is dependent on antenna height, aircraft altitude and terrain.
Air-to-Air: 170 - 200 nautical miles (270 - 320 Km) for UAT.
Air-to-Ground: 180 nautical miles (288 Km) for high altitude targets . Although the theoretical maximum ranges for UAT and 1090 ES are quite similar, in practice, the effective range for 1090 ES can be somewhat less due to bandwidth congestion.
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